FDA-approved drug
Rapamycin has the best longevity data in pharmacology. None of it is human.
Both halves are true and we publish them together. The NIH's replicated mouse program extended lifespan in both sexes at three independent sites, even starting in late life. Humans have an approved transplant drug with a boxed warning, immune trials that mostly tested a different molecule (everolimus, labeled as such in our table), and one completed longevity trial that missed its primary endpoint. Every study row names its species and its compound; every number links to its source.
- 23studies in the graded evidence table, species labeled on every row
- 11of those rows are human studies, and 3 of the human rows tested a different rapalog, labeled in the compound column
- 0completed human trials with a lifespan or disease-outcome primary endpoint. We print the zero instead of hiding it
- 33fetch-verified sources, every one peer-reviewed or government
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Key facts
- StatusFDA-approved drug
- Tmax noteBlood levels in real-world longevity users peaked about 2 days after a weekly dose (observational data)
- BioavailabilityAbout 14% (oral solution); tablets about 27% higher than solution; the two are not bioequivalent (clinically equivalent at 2 mg)
- DistributionBlood-to-plasma ratio 36 +/- 18 (sequestered in red cells); Vss/F 12 +/- 8 L/kg; about 92% protein bound
- MetabolismSubstrate of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein; extensive intestinal and hepatic metabolism
- Steady state noteDerived: with a 62-hour half-life, steady state arrives in roughly 11 to 13 days (4 to 5 half-lives)
- RouteOral (solution or tablets), once daily per label
- Drug classmTOR inhibitor immunosuppressant
- Longevity statusOff-label; zero completed lifespan-outcome trials
- Half-lifeAbout 62 +/- 16 hours
- Boxed warningImmunosuppression: infection, lymphoma/malignancy risk
- MonitoringWhole-blood troughs; label recommends TDM for all patients
- Key interactionCYP3A4/P-gp substrate; grapefruit prohibited by label
- Approved doses2 mg/day (renal, LAM start); 5 mg/day high-risk
- Best animal resultITP mice: +14% (F) / +9% (M) at 90th percentile, late-life start
- Human evidence caveatFamous elderly immune RCTs used everolimus, not sirolimus
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All guides
56 in-depth, individually cited guides.
Evidence 17 guides
Safety 12 guides
Sourcing 11 guides
Dosing 11 guides
Comparisons 5 guides
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One email: the ITP results at species grade, the compound-labeled human trial table, the label's monitoring checklist, and the studied-doses table, all cited. Updates only when a label or trial changes something. No dosing advice by email. Unsubscribe anytime.
